Maintenance technology for tractors

Author:Ricdro

(1) Checking the parts

  1. Tighten the joints of each part: Although the tractor is factory tested, it is inevitable that the machine will loosen during the repeated transfer process. To this end, all kinds of connectors and fasteners should be tightened in time, especially the steering system, brake system, suspension and wheels.
  2. Check the liquid level: mainly the oil level of the fuel tank, the water level of the tank, the oil level of the transmission and the rear axle lubricating oil, and the liquid level of the battery electrolyte. When it is found that the liquid level is insufficient, the liquid material should be added in time.
  3. Check the oil: (1) The amount of oil in the oil pan should not be less than the oil mark. (2) The quality of the oil: If the tractor is shipped from the factory in summer, and when it is bought back in winter, it should be replaced with winter oil; vice versa. (3) The switch of the oil filter on the large tractor should be transferred to the summer or winter position according to the season or temperature. (4) In order to avoid the oil in the oil bath type oil filter oil pan spilling out during the transportation process, some manufacturers add it at the end of the factory. After buying it, pay attention to adding oil.
  4. Listing on the house: After the new tractor is bought back. You should carry the purchase invoice, certificate of conformity, instruction manual and other documents within 3 months, and go to the department of agricultural machinery, levy and other departments to go through the formalities. It is illegal to drive without a license on the road and it is to be punished.

(2) Do a good job of running the tractor.

New tractors must be run-in before they start to be used, and running-in is an important means of extending the life of the tractor. Because the parts are processed, they contain different degrees of tool marks on the surface. If the parts are put into heavy load without running-in, the uneven surface of the friction surface will be damaged quickly, which greatly enhances the wear of the parts. Shorten the life of the tractor. The purpose of running-in is to make the uneven friction surface gradually smooth and smooth, to obtain a smooth and hard bearing surface, and also get the most suitable fit clearance, so that the tractor can withstand the load after normal operation, and for extension A good foundation for service life.

Tractor running-in should follow the following procedures:

  1. Engine idling: After the engine is started, the engine is idling for 5 minutes, and then gradually increased to the rated speed for dry running. The engine idle running-in time should generally be around 15 minutes.
  2. Running-in of the hydraulic system. Start the engine, operate the lifter handle, lift the suspension mechanism several times, observe whether the hydraulic system has the top card suction phenomenon, and then hang the farm implement or weight with the weight less than 500kg, and operate the lifter handle at the engine calibration speed. The farm implements can be raised and lowered smoothly, no less than 50 times. If the tractor is hydraulically steered, the engine is running at low, medium and high speeds when the tractor is stationary. The steering wheel is operated to see if it is light and stable.
  3. Tractor running in the air: During the running-in process, the number of engine revolutions should be controlled at about 1500 rpm, the speed is from low to high, and finally the reverse running-in, the tractor running-in time should be about 5 hours.
  4. Tractor load running-in: The tractor load-running is carried out with a certain load. The principle of running-in is: the load is gradually increased from small to large, and the speed is from low to high. The specific operation method varies from vehicle to vehicle. Refer to the load running-in comparison table in the instruction manual. The general running-in time should be more than 50 hours. When running-in, it must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the instructions for use, and it is not a terrible trouble to reduce the running-in link or shorten the running-in time.
  5. Maintenance after running-in: After running-in, some metal ends or dirt in the transmission system, lubrication system and hydraulic system will be mixed in the lubricating oil, so it is necessary to clean and replace all the lubricating oil and hydraulic oil. Lubricating oil and hydraulic oil should be released after heat-off and shutdown. After cleaning, add new lubricating oil and hydraulic oil as required. Clean or replace the respective filters as required while replacing the lubricating oil. In addition, the necessary maintenance and adjustment of the tractor must be carried out in accordance with the instructions for use.

(3) Do a good job in technical maintenance of tractors

  1. Technical maintenance of shifts and technical maintenance of accumulated working hours. The maintenance of shifts is carried out at the beginning and after the end of each shift, mainly including auscultation of the engine for abnormalities and checking the instrument, removing dust and dirt; checking the oil sump of the engine and the oil level of the transmission case, insufficient to add; checking whether the hub nuts are loose before and after the inspection Check and tighten the bolts and nuts of key parts such as brakes and steering gears; check the air filter to remove dust; add grease to each lubrication point according to the lubrication meter, and squeeze all the mud and water until it is cleaned. Before the grease overflows; check the liquid level of the water tank and fuel tank. Accumulated working time Technical maintenance is divided into multiple levels. After reaching a certain working time, this level of maintenance is required. The maintenance items are carried out according to the requirements of the tractor instruction manual.
  2. Use clean oil. The fuel should be purchased from a reputable gas station to meet the national standard. Diesel oil can be used after 24 hours of precipitation. The sedimentation cup should be cleaned frequently. No. 0 diesel is used in summer, and diesel No.-10, -20 or -35 is replaced in winter depending on temperature changes. Lubricating oil and hydraulic oil should be filled with the number plate and grade according to the regulations. The transmission hydraulic oil must be precipitated after at least 48 hours of precipitation. It is strictly forbidden to mix diesel oil of different grades and different manufacturers.
  3. Do the maintenance of the tractor during the storage period. Farmland operations are seasonal and tractors tend to be stored for long periods of time after the end of a season. Maintaining during storage is extremely important to maintaining a good technical state. After the end of the working season, the engine should be drained, the engine oil should be replaced, and the engine oil should be turned off after a few minutes of operation. Fill the fuel tank with diesel oil, clean and maintain the air filter, and release the cooling water in winter. Set all the joysticks to the neutral position, adjust the tractor front wheel and suspension bar to the lowest position; remove the battery and place it in a room with ventilation and light protection temperature not lower than 10 °C. Check it once a month, if necessary. To perform supplementary charging; pad the front and rear axles of the tractor so that the tires are slightly off the ground and the tires are released. In addition, according to the requirements of the tractor’s instruction manual, check and adjust the valve clearance, fuel supply time, clutch stroke, etc., so that the tractor is always in a good technical state.