How to do a good job in the maintenance and maintenance of large and medium-sized tractors

Author:Ricdro

As one of the main machinery of agricultural mechanization, large and medium-sized tractors are the main embodiment of modern agriculture and one of the main means to promote farmers’ income and agricultural efficiency. However, the life and performance of the equipment are often severely affected because the operator cannot perform correct maintenance. To solve this problem, we should start with the following aspects.

Daily maintenance should be done before starting the tractor

1. Carefully clean up the oil and dust on the exterior of the tractor.

2. Check whether the connecting bolts and nuts of the main parts are loose, and tighten them in time.

3. Check whether the diesel oil, engine oil, and cooling water are sufficient.

4. Check the oil level of the engine oil pan, if it is insufficient, add enough.

5. Check the tire pressure.

6. ​​After the engine is started, let the locomotive run by itself at idle speed for 3-5 minutes, so that the lubricating oil can fully enter the working parts, and check whether the meters, lights, and horns are normal.

7. Check whether the brake oil pipe is worn or not and the connection of the pipe orifice is fastened, and pay special attention to whether the brake oil pipe is rubbed against the bridge pack, the frame, etc.

8. Check the tools provided with the vehicle.

9. Fill out the work diary.

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Regular maintenance of main parts

1. Maintenance of the air filter

Frequently check whether the air filter joints are well sealed. If the nuts, bolts, clamping rings, etc. are loose, they must be fastened in time, and all parts must be repaired or replaced in time if they are damaged.

It is generally required that the air filter should be maintained every 100 hours of work. When the dry-type filter paper filter element is maintained, clean it with a soft brush, and then use 0.4-0.6MPa compressed air to blow the filter screen, oil storage pan, center tube and other parts from the inside of the filter element. Dry the filter first and spray a little oil before assembling. The oil storage pan should be replaced with filtered oil. When adding engine oil, it should be filled according to the oil level mark, and the oil level should not be too high or too low. When installing, ensure that the sealing rubber ring is well sealed.

2. Valve maintenance

The tractor should check and adjust the valve clearance after 800 hours of operation, and remove the carbon deposits; after 1200 hours of operation, check the sealing of the valve and seat, and grind or replace with new parts if necessary.

3. Maintenance of diesel filter

The impurities in the filter will continue to increase with the extension of the use time, and the filtering capacity will decrease; other parts such as the aging and damage of the gasket will cause a “short circuit”, that is, the diesel will directly enter the oil pump without filtering.

Therefore, it is necessary to carry out maintenance and pay attention to the following points:

(1) The section and center of the filter element should be well sealed. (2) When maintaining the paper filter element, you can soak it in diesel for a period of time, and then scrub it with a soft brush. An air cylinder can also be used to pump air into the filter element and blow off the dirt from the inside to the outside.

(3) After the filter is disassembled and assembled, exhaust the air in it.

4. Maintenance of fuel injector

The fuel injection pressure and fuel injection quality of the fuel injector should be checked and adjusted after the general tractor has been running for 800 hours.

  1. Maintenance of lubrication system

(1) Add lubricating oil in time, and check the oil level of the oil pan before starting the diesel engine or working continuously for more than 10 hours.

(2) Regularly clean the lubricating oil filter and replace the filter element.

(3) Regularly replace the oil pan lubricating oil, according to the actual situation and the quality of the oil, it can be appropriately advanced or postponed.

(4) Clean the oil circuit. The oil circuit should be cleaned when the diesel engine works for 500 hours.

(5) Lubricating oil circuit pressure adjustment. When the diesel engine is working, if the pressure of the lubricating oil circuit is found to be lower than the normal pressure, the cause should be investigated. If the pressure regulating spring becomes soft, eccentrically worn or broken during use, the oil pressure is reduced, and the spring preload must be adjusted or replaced to restore the normal pressure.

  1. Maintenance of the clutch

(1) Always check the free stroke of the pedal and the separation gap of the three separation levers.

(2) When the separation lever or the separation fork is severely worn, it should be replaced with a new one.

(3) Regularly check the lubrication of the bearing, and add grease if necessary. When the tractor works for 500 hours, the release bearing should be removed for cleaning. After cleaning, put it in a container with butter and heat it to make the butter penetrate. After it has solidified, take it out and install it. Note that the temperature cannot be too high during heating.

7. Maintenance of hydraulic system

(1) Regularly check the height of the hydraulic oil level. If it is insufficient, add or replace the hydraulic oil to keep it clean.

(2) When cleaning the internal parts of the hydraulic system, in order to prevent the oil passage from being blocked or the seal from leaking, it is forbidden to scrub with cotton wool.

(3) Do not wash the rubber seal ring with gasoline to avoid aging and deterioration. When assembling the sealing ring, apply a little oil or soapy water to prevent cutting and tearing.

(4) Oil pumps, distributors, oil cylinders, etc. are precision parts, which are generally not removed at will.

8. Electrical system maintenance

Check the connection of each wire, it must be fastened and reliable, not be contaminated by diesel oil and engine oil, and prevent contact with the hot part of the diesel engine, and check whether the insulation performance of the wire is good.

9. Maintenance and maintenance of battery

(1) Maintenance-free storage batteries usually do not require special maintenance. Observe the hydrometer observation hole display: green means sufficient power; gray means insufficient power; black means basically no power.

(2) When the battery observation hole appears gray, supplementary charging is required; when a black display appears, the battery should be replaced.

(3) The battery should be stored in a clean, dry and ventilated place, with a temperature between 0-40 degrees; it should be handled with care to prevent collisions, and do not turn it upside down.

(4) The battery terminal and the power cord connector should be firmly connected to prevent the terminals from melting during startup. To prevent oxidation and corrosion of the terminals, Vaseline should be applied to the terminals.

(5) Keep the external terminals of the battery clean. (6) Regularly check whether the output voltage of the generator meets the standard, the voltage is (14.2+0.2) volts.

(7) When charging, ensure that the indoor air is unblocked, keep away from open flames, and do not splash the electrolyte on the human body or clothing to avoid accidental injury.

(8) When the electrolyte of the ordinary battery is insufficient, it should be filled in time.

(9) The electrolyte temperature during the charging process should not be higher than 45 degrees. The charging current should be halved or the charging should be stopped to achieve the purpose of cooling, but the charging time must be extended accordingly.

(10) When charging is over, the power supply should be disconnected before the power supply can be disconnected from the pole to prevent fire or explosion caused by sparking.

10. Maintenance of engine cooling system

(1) The engine coolant can be boiled tap water or antifreeze. Before starting, check whether the cooling water in the radiator is full and whether there is water leakage.

(2) Regularly remove the scale in the cooling system to ensure the heat dissipation of the heat exchange surface.

(3) Always check the core of the radiator for blockages such as weeds, dust, and oil.

(4) Check whether the thermostat is in good performance on time, otherwise it will affect the circulation of cooling water and reduce the cooling effect.

Do a good job of maintenance should pay attention to matters

During the daily use of large and medium-sized tractors, different types of tractors fail, and their maintenance methods are different, and maintenance should be carried out in accordance with the correct instructions. In contrast to the inspection requirements of large and medium tractors, the following points should generally be paid attention to when maintaining large and medium tractors:

1. Engine part: One is that the engine power and engine condition are normal. As the tractor has been parked for a long time, the three filters (air, oil, diesel) of the engine should be checked, cleaned, and the oil replaced. Another situation is that the power of the engine drops, and the engine should be maintained.

  1. Transmission part: If the clutch is unstable in combination, slipping, incomplete separation, difficulty in gear shifting, and noise of teeth, the clutch must be maintained before it is busy, and the friction plate should be replaced in time, and the main and auxiliary frictions should be adjusted. Plate clearance, and free travel of the clutch pedal.
  2. Walking part: the tire should be intact, the air pressure is appropriate, the left and right are the same, the steel ring has no cracks, no deformation, the screw is fastened, the front toe of the front wheel meets the requirements, and the head is not tilted; when the tire is inflated, it must be in accordance with the regulations and not too high Or too low to avoid damage to the tires.

4. Steering part: The free stroke of the steering wheel must meet the requirements, the operation is flexible and light, the steering horizontal and vertical pull rods are not deformed, the connecting device is reliable and not loose, and the pin shaft gap cannot be too large.

5. Braking part: Check frequently. If the braking effect is poor, it should be removed for maintenance. Adjust the free stroke of the brake pedal to comply with the regulations, return to the position quickly, and have interlocking and self-locking devices. At the same time, the braking effect of the left and right wheels must be consistent and the braking is effective.

6. ​​Lighting part: frequently used turn signals, headlights, and horns should be checked and maintained frequently.